Relations and interactions
The Wehrmacht’s presence was most concentrated in cities and fortified areas. While their uniformed appearance on duty projected an image of supreme power, off-duty soldiers regularly interacted with the local population in public spaces, such as shops, entertainment venues, public transport, or simply while strolling the streets. In more remote areas, soldiers were even quartered in private homes. Over the five-year occupation, a wide range of social interactions, varying in type and intensity, took place.
Men in German uniforms, heavily armed, projected an overwhelming sense of power, serving as a constant deterrent. Despite their attempts to outwardly show respect towards Norwegians, they were largely viewed as enemies by the local population. The conspicuous clatter of their weapons from the very start of the occupation instilled feelings of fear and threat among the people.
In occupied countries, locals rarely differentiated between the various German branches by their uniforms. While they feared the Gestapo, recognized SS insignia, and were aware of the police presence, they generally viewed all uniforms the same way: as symbols of intrusion and enmity.
Norwegians assisting the occupiers just days after the invasion! While Fort Hegra stood resolutely only ten kilometres away—later becoming a symbol of unwavering national resistance—hundreds of locals in and around Trondheim responded to the occupiers‘ call, beginning work to expand the small Værnes airfield. Their efforts significantly contributed to the defeat of the Allied and Norwegian troops still engaged in battle at Narvik. However, for many locals, the offer of well-paid work was a genuine lifeline.
Years of occupation led to inevitable interactions with German soldiers. Many locals found employment with the Wehrmacht, and everyday encounters diminished animosity, often resulting in closer relationships. Children were given candy, friendships formed, and some relationships even became romantic. Although soldiers were prohibited from marrying Norwegian women, approximately 10,000 children were born to these unions with members of the occupying forces.
The Germans were generally fascinated by Sami culture, with soldiers often eager to be photographed alongside them, almost like tourists. The Sami were admired for their resilience in harsh polar conditions and possessed valuable local knowledge and resources that were highly sought after by both the Wehrmacht and individual soldiers.
“Sleeping with the Enemy” was a notable exhibition organized by the Norwegian Industrial Workers Museum in Vemork. It highlighted the economic collaboration between Norwegian industrial enterprises and the occupiers, as well as the so-called “horizontal” collaboration. The exhibition’s authors aimed to spark discussions about the legal purge in Norway following World War II, encouraging a more nuanced understanding of the occupation.